Showing posts with label 1945. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1945. Show all posts

Honorary Awards, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946


To Walter Wanger, for his six years service as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
To Peggy Ann Garner, outstanding child actress of 1945

To The House I Live In, tolerance short subject, produced by Frank Ross and Mervyn LeRoy; directed by Mervyn LeRoy; screenplay by Albert Maltz; song "The House I Live In," music by Earl Robinson, lyrics by Lewis Allan; starring Frank Sinatra; released by RKO Radio. 


To Republic Studio, Daniel J. Bloomberg and the Republic Studio Sound Department for the building of an outstanding musical scoring auditorium which provides optimum recording conditions and combines all elements of acoustic and engineering design.

Best Documentary, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946

With the war drawing to an end, the flood of documentaries from the various branches of the military slowed to a trickle. But the documentary award had established itself as an Oscar category, albeit one that would generate controversy in years to come. 


The nominees were ... 
(Feature) 
(Short Subject) 
And the Oscar went to ... 
(Feature) 
The True Glory, The Governments of Great Britain and the United States of America. 

A survey of the course of the war in Europe from D-Day to the fall of Berlin, directed by Garson Kanin and Carol Reed, with a script credited to Paddy Chayefsky, although many other writers were involved, including Peter Ustinov. The chief British narrator is Robert Harris, but various British and American speakers recount their wartime experiences. A remarkable and often stirring record of the wartime experience, though slanted toward heroism rather than realism. 


(Short Subject) 
Hitler Lives? Gordon Hollingshead, producer.

A shrill, unsettling propaganda short, that presents Germany as an ongoing threat. Directed by Don Siegel, who also directed Star in the Night, which won the two-reel short film Oscar in the same year. The hectoring narrator is Knox Manning.



Best Special Effects, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
And the Oscar went to ... 
Wonder Man. Photographic effects by John Fulton; sound effects by Arthur W. Johns. 

Entertainer Danny Kaye and Vera-Ellen meet bookworm Danny Kaye in Wonder Man
Danny Kaye plays twins, a nightclub entertainer and a shy bookworm. When the entertainer is killed by the mob, he returns as a ghost to haunt his timid brother into assuming his identity and avenging him. Vera-Ellen plays the partner in the entertainer's act, and Virginia Mayo is the bookworm's librarian girlfriend. A lot depends on how much you like -- or can tolerate -- Kaye's brand of comedy, since the setup gives him plenty of room for his shtick, including a scene in which he winds up onstage during an opera. (To my mind, the Marx Brothers did it better.) This was the first of three Oscar wins for Fulton, if you count The Bridges at Toko-Ri, which won the award though no individual effects technicians were named in the citation. Trained as a cameraman, Fulton became a special effects expert at Universal, where he supervised the camera trickery of many of the studio's great horror movies of the 1930s, including The Invisible Man and its several sequels. In 1953 he moved to Paramount as head of the special effects department. This was the only Oscar win for Johns, who had been nominated three times previously.   

Best Film Editing, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
And the Oscar went to ... 

Elizabeth Taylor on "The Pie," actually a horse named King Charles
Well, obviously you don't put a proto-star like twelve-year-old Elizabeth Taylor through a real steeplechase, so you need an editor to make the risks look convincing. Taylor later claimed that a fall from a horse during filming caused lifelong back problems, though the film was one of her favorites. In any case, the more dangerous riding scenes were done by Rex "Snowy" Baker, Johnny Carpenter, and Dale Evans's stunt double, Alice Van Springsteen. Kern began his career in 1922 and spent most of it, from Viva Villa! in 1934 to Plymouth Adventure in 1952, at MGM. This was his only Oscar; he had been nominated once before, for David Copperfield. His brother, Hal C. Kern, was the Oscar-winning editor of Gone With the Wind. 

Best Music, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
(Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture) 
(Scoring of a Musical Picture) 
And the Oscar went to ...  
(Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture) 

Miklos Rozsa with Oscar presenter Ginger Rogers
One of Alfred Hitchcock's less-successful films, marred by the meddling of producer David O. Selznick and his fascination with psychoanalysis: His own shrink, May Romm, receives screen credit as "psychiatric advisor." Among the mistakes was having Salvador Dalí design dream sequences that in the end had to be cut to about two minutes of screen time. Even Selznick's wife, Irene, called it "a terrible piece of junk." It's not quite as bad as that, since Hitchcock didn't take it nearly as seriously as the producer did, and it has eminently watchable stars, Gregory Peck and Ingrid Bergman. This was the first of three wins out of sixteen nominations for Rozsa, who began his career as a screen composer with fellow Hungarian Alexander Korda in London in 1935, and moved to Hollywood in 1940. Selznick and Hitchcock wanted Bernard Herrmann to score Spellbound, but he was unavailable. Rozsa made use of the theremin, an early electronic instrument, in his score, and for the one he did for The Lost Weekend.   



(Scoring of a Musical Picture)
Georgie Stoll, Anchors Aweigh. 

Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra play sailors who fall for the same woman, Kathryn Grayson, with predictable consequences for their friendship. Grayson's nephew is played by nine-year-old Dean Stockwell. The songs by Jule Styne and Sammy Cahn are pleasant, and Kelly and Sinatra make an enormously appealing team. The choreography is by Kelly, and Sinatra proves to be a surprisingly good dancer. The movie, directed by George Sidney, was Kelly's first big hit for MGM. After his 1942 debut in For Me and My Gal, the studio seemed to be unable to find anything for him to do, so it loaned him out to Columbia for Cover Girl, in which he displayed his ingratiating athletic style of dancing for the first time on screen. Anchors Aweigh is lightweight stuff compared to later Kelly films such as An American in Paris and Singin' in the Rain, and it features MGM's usual tedious appearance by pianist Jose Iturbi, but its highlight is the wonderful sequence that was suggested by Stanley Donen, in which Kelly dances with Jerry, the mouse from MGM's Tom and Jerry cartoons. This was the only Oscar for Stoll, who had been a music director and conductor for MGM   
since 1937. 




(Song)
"It Might As Well Be Spring," from State Fair. Music by Richard Rodgers; Lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II.

A musical remake of the 1933 film version of the novel by Phil Stong, directed by Walter Lang from a screenplay by Hammerstein, starring Jeanne Crain, Dana Andrews, Dick Haymes, and Vivian Blaine. This is the only original film musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein, though each had collaborated with other lyricists or composers on other films. In addition to the Oscar-winning song, the score also included "It's a Grand Night for Singing" and "That's for Me." Crain's voice was dubbed by Louanne Hogan, and although Andrews had a trained voice and once thought of becoming an opera singer, he is dubbed in his only brief vocal moment by Ben Gage. This was Rodgers's only Oscar nomination and win; Hammerstein had already won for "The Last Time I Saw Paris" from Lady Be Good and received three more nominations.  

... when it should have gone to ... 
(Song) 
"Accentuate the Positive," from Here Come the Waves. Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer.

Betty Hutton plays twins -- one smart, one silly -- who have a nightclub act but decide to do their part during the war by joining the Waves. The smart twin falls in love with Bing Crosby, and the silly twin tries to break them up by pretending to be her sister. Goofy nonsense, directed by Mark Sandrich, that is now remembered almost solely for Arlen and Mercer's classic, introduced by Crosby and Sonny Tufts in a blackface number. The minstrelsy is kind of unforgivable, but if you can tolerate it, just listen to Crosby demonstrate why he was one of the greatest jazz singers of all time. The accompanying dance number, choreographed by Danny Dare, is pretty good too. 


Best Sound, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
And the Oscar went to ... 
The Bells of St. Mary's. RKO Radio Studio Sound Department, Stephen Dunn, Sound Director. 

Father O'Malley (Bing Crosby) gets sent to an inner-city school run by Sister Mary Benedict (Ingrid Bergman) and gets involved in saving the school. Produced and directed, like the first O'Malley film, Going My Way, by Leo McCarey, who also wrote the story that was turned into a screenplay by Dudley Nichols. It was a big hit, though today it seems like pure treacle. It was the first sequel to be nominated for best picture and Crosby was the first person to be nominated twice for playing the same character. (Peter O'Toole was later nominated for playing Henry II in Becket and The Lion in Winter, Al Pacino for playing Michael Corleone in the first two Godfather films, and Paul Newman for playing Fast Eddie Felson in The Hustler and The Color of Money.) This was the second Oscar for Dunn, who also received a scientific and technical award the same year.   

Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman in The Bells of St. Mary's

Best Art Direction, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
(Black-and-White)
(Color) 
... when they should have been ... 
(Black-and-White) 
And the Oscar went to ... 
(Black-and-White) 
Blood on the Sun. Art Direction: Wiard Ihnen; Interior Decoration: A. Roland Fields. 

James Cagney plays a newspaper editor and Sylvia Sidney a Eurasian counterintelligence agent in pre-World War II Japan. Thick with propaganda, the movie still manages to be fairly entertaining today. Ihnen picked up his second Oscar in a row for the film, which was produced by Cagney and his brother William for their independent production company. This was the only Oscar win for Fields, who was nominated for his work on Citizen Kane and The Magnificent Ambersons, and should have won for both. 

(Color) 
Frenchman's Creek. Art Direction: Hans Dreier, Ernst Fegte; Interior Decoration: Sam Comer. 

Beautiful but empty-headed Restoration bodice-ripper in which Joan Fontaine enters into a loveless marriage to Ralph Forbes to escape the designs of his rakish friend Basil Rathbone. She escapes to her family home in Cornwall, where she meets handsome pirate Arturo de Cordova. This was the first Oscar win for Dreier, the head of the Paramount art department. He had been nominated eighteen times previously, and would be nominated three more times and win twice. This was the only win out of four nominations for Fegte. This was the first of four wins for Comer, Paramount's head set decorator. He was nominated twenty-six times. 

... when it should have gone to ... 
(Black-and-White) 
The Lost Weekend. Art Direction: Hans Dreier, Earl Hedrick; Interior Decoration: Bertram Granger. 

Hans Dreier
Dreier got his Oscar this year for an opulent romantic drama, but he should have got it for leading his team of designers and decorators in creating one of the starkest and grittiest of Oscar-winning films. Among other things, the designers rebuilt the interior of the New York bar P.J. Clarke's on a soundstage, and the tale is often told that Robert Benchley, homesick for New York, would stop in on the set every afternoon at five, when actor Howard Da Silva, playing the bartender, would pour Benchley a shot. Neither Hedrick nor Granger ever won an Oscar, but this would have been an excellent opportunity for a win, if the Academy had seen fit to nominate them.

Howard Da Silva and Ray Milland in the soundstage P.J. Clarke's
Da Silva behind the bar
Location filming in New York still necessitated set dressing
Milland's Don Birnam has trashed his apartment in search of a bottle he has hidden away
One of Birnam's secret bottles
(Color) 
Leave Her to Heaven. Art Direction: Lyle Wheeler, Maurice Ransford; Interior Decoration: Thomas Little.

In commenting on the art direction of Leave Her to Heaven, I have only to refer to my comments on Leon Shamroy's Oscar for the film: This is a stunning and essential example of what can happen when cinematographers and designers work together. Any objection that the movie would have been better in black-and-white vanishes when you look closely at the work Wheeler, Ransford, and Little put into achieving a cohesive palette, rich yet muted, relying on purples and grays. Having seen what an intelligent use of color can do in Leave Her to Heaven makes me amazed that the Academy should have preferred the candy-box colors of  Frenchman's Creek. Wheeler and Little, as heads of their departments, raked in Oscars and nominations; Ransford was nominated three times but never won. 

Gene Tierney dozes, the redness of her lipstick providing the only jolt of primary color 
The white gown is ironic, the chess game prophetic
Mirror, mirror on the wall
Tierney and Cornel Wilde encounter in a luxurious train car
Predator and prey? Note the Production Code-mandated twin beds. 
Wilde on studio rocks before a painted drop. Noticeable in a still, less so in a theater.
Early American decor, maybe a bit too Laura Ashley, but the quilted dressing gown with its military frogs is a nice touch.
Vincent Price questions Wilde on the witness stand. Note the simplicity of the courtroom, with the circular window suggesting either a halo or the eye of God. 

Best Cinematography, 1945

Awards presented March 7, 1946
The nominees were ... 
(Black-and-White)
(Black-and-White) 
(Color)
(Black-and-White) 

Harry Stradling Sr. 
Oscar Wilde's fable of the young man whose portrait becomes more hideous as he becomes more debauched receives an intelligent if occasionally heavy-handed treatment from writer-director Albert Lewin. Hurd Hatfield plays the title role, with George Sanders as Wilde's epigrammatic stand-in Sir Harry Wotton, Angela Lansbury as the innocent Sibyl Vane, and Donna Reed and Peter Lawford. This was the first of two Oscars (out of fourteen nominations) for Stradling, who began his career in American silent films but made his reputation abroad, working with Jacques Feyder and Alexander Korda, before returning to the United States in 1940. He was a major cinematographer for the next thirty years, winding up his career with four films starring Barbra Streisand, who thanked him in her Oscar acceptance speech for Funny Girl. His son, Harry Stradling Jr., became a cinematographer, too, with two Oscar nominations of his own.
Hurd Hatfield as Dorian Gray, with the portrait behind him
Hatfield and Angela Lansbury
George Sanders and Hatfield
Ivan Albright's picture of Dorian Gray, which was revealed in a color sequence at the end of the film. It's now in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
(Color) 

Shamroy receives the Oscar from D.W. Griffith
Richard Harland (Cornel Wilde) makes the serious mistake of falling in love with Ellen Berent (Gene Tierney), whom we first see on a galloping horse, scattering her beloved father's ashes as the Alfred Newman score thunders around her. Ellen is a spoiled psychopath, who will stop at nothing to hold on to the man she loves, including letting his crippled brother (Darryl Hickman) drown and falling downstairs to abort the baby she fears would distract her husband from devoting himself to adoring her.  It would be twenty-two years until the Academy finally abandoned the division of the cinematography category into black-and-white and color films for lack of plausible black-and-white nominees, but Shamroy's Oscar win surely signaled the beginning of the end. Even then there were critics such as James Agee who thought that the weird and overheated story of Leave Her to Heaven would have benefited from the moody high contrast of black-and-white, but time has proven them short-sighted. Certainly director John Stahl's overheated melodrama seemed on the face of it suitable for a film-noir treatment. Stahl had a gift for turning melodramas into films that seem substantial: He had done the trick with Back Street, Imitation of Life, and Magnificent Obsession, all shot in black and white. But in a few years all three of those would be remade in color, the latter two by Douglas Sirk, the great master of Technicolor melodrama, so Shamroy's Leave Her to Heaven today seems like a prophecy rather than a mistake. Working closely with the production designers to create a harmonious and expressive palette, Shamroy earned the third of his record-setting four Oscars, all of them for color films. He is tied with Joseph Ruttenberg for most wins, and with Charles Lang for most nominations -- eighteen.
Cornel Wilde and Gene Tierney in Leave Her to Heaven 
Darryl Hickman drowning
Tierney scatters her father's ashes
Tierney in Leave Her to Heaven
Vincent Price in Leave Her to Heaven
Terney admires the sleeping Wilde