Showing posts with label Arthur Miller. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Arthur Miller. Show all posts

Best Cinematography, 1946

Awards presented March 13, 1947

The Academy made a somewhat radical change of rules this year, putting the several branches of the Academy, instead of the studios and production companies, in charge of the nominations. The Cinematographers Branch had done something like this before: In 1939, it allowed each studio to submit its own candidates, but then had winnowed down the nominees to only two each in the Black-and-White and Color categories. That time, at least the names in the studio "long list" were made public. Now the cinematographers chose to announce only the final two nominees in each category -- a decision that naturally caused some controversy, so the nominees were expanded to the now-customary five per category with the 1949 awards.   

The nominees were ... 
(Black-and-White) 
(Color) 
... when they should have been ... 
(Black-and-White) 
(Color) 
(Black-and-White) 

The musical version of the story of the king and the British governess of his many children is so familiar that you feel a letdown when the songs don't come in this, the first film version, starring Rex Harrison and Irene Dunne. It provided Miller with the third of his three Oscars. He retired as a director of photography in 1951 because of poor health, but remained active in the industry, serving as president of the American Society of Cinematographers. 

(Color) 

Claude Jarman Jr. in The Yearling
In one of the best of the MGM Technicolor "family films" of the 1940s, which include National Velvet and Lassie Come Home, Claude Jarman Jr. plays Jody Baxter, a boy living in the Florida backwoods, who discovers an orphaned fawn and raises it with the encouragement of his father, played by Gregory Peck. But his mother, played by Jane Wyman, struggling with the poverty in which the family lives, regards the animal as just another mouth to feed, especially after it grows and becomes more rambunctious. Some of the film was shot near the home of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, who wrote the novel on which the film is based and whose own story was told in the 1983 film Cross Creek. Rosher had received the very first Oscar given for cinematography, for his work on Sunrise. In the 1940s he became a specialist in the lush Technicolor for which MGM films were noted. Smith had received three previous nominations for color cinematography; this was his only Oscar. It was also his last film: He died in October 1947. Arling received a subsequent nomination, for the black-and-white cinematography of I'll Cry Tomorrow, but this was also his only Oscar.  
Jane Wyman in The Yearling 
Gregory Peck and Jarman in The Yearling 
... when it should have gone to ... 
(Black-and-White) 

Ted Tetzlaff
Tetzlaff's only nomination was for The Talk of the Town, but his work with Hitchcock on Notorious deserved more attention from the Academy. He helped craft, for example, the tracking shot in which the camera looks down on the party at the Sebastians from a second-floor balcony and then gradually descends to a shot of the key to the wine cellar in Ingrid Bergman's hand. It's conventional to give Hitchcock the credit for imagining such an effect, but obviously he needed a cinematographer who knew how to light it and a cameraman who knew how to set it up. Tetzlaff, who had been a cinematographer since 1926, and had such credits as My Man Godfrey and The More the Merrier, was more than capable of doing Hitchcock's bidding on this and other "Hitchcockian" scenes. This was, however, his last film as cinematographer: The following year he became a full-time director, though his credits in that job are somewhat less impressive. 
The beginning of the famous tracking shot in Notorious 
Ingrid Bergman waits as the shot is set up
Director Alfred Hitchcock inspects the angle on the concluding shot
The conclusion of the sequence 
In another Notorious sequence, odd camera angles suggest the hangover Bergman experiences when she awakes to find Cary Grant in her bedroom

Best Cinematography, 1943

Awards presented March 2, 1944
The nominees were ... 
(Black-and-White)
(Black-and-White) 
(Black-and-White) 

This long, sentimental, ponderously reverent religious fable was a big hit but hasn't stood up well with the passage of time. Still, it's a must-see for those interested in Hollywood's treatment of religion (Linda Darnell as the Virgin Mary!) and as a demonstration of the technical resources available to a big studio going all out on a prestige project. One of those resources was Miller's cinematography, which won him the second of his three Oscars. 

(Color) 

Gaston Leroux's old chestnut about the disfigured composer who lurks in the vaults of the Paris Opéra achieved film fame with the Lon Chaney version in 1925, which is still better than the many, many remakes. This is the one with Claude Rains menacing Susanna Foster and Nelson Eddy, and high-camp operatic pastiches based on themes from Tchaikovsky and Chopin. Midwar economies had made many studios cut back on color productions, but Universal went all out for this one. Still, despite the contributions of Mohr and Greene, it's the studio's black-and-white horror films we remember. This is the second Oscar for Mohr, whose first was the only write-in winner in Oscar history, for A Midsummer Night's Dream. This is Greene's only competitive Oscar, but he had received two honorary awards for his pioneering color work on A Star Is Born and The Garden of Allah. 

... when it should have gone to ... 
(Black-and-White) 

Arthur Edeson
If the test of a cinematographer's skill is the production of images that linger in the memory, then Edeson's work on this film certainly passes the test. Of course, there are other reasons why we remember Casablanca as fondly as we do, but this site is devoted to honoring what has lasted, and not what caught the Academy's fancy at a given time. Edeson was nominated three times and never won. In fact, he wasn't even producer Hal Wallis's first choice to shoot the film; James Wong Howe was. But as the saying goes, You must remember this: 

(Color) 

The Lady in the Tutti-Frutti Hat
Edward Cronjager
The Gang's All Here is a well-nigh indescribable musical, whose nugatory plot -- something about the romantic rivalry of Alice Faye and Carmen Miranda over serviceman James Ellison -- isn't worth going into. All you really need to know is that it was directed by Busby Berkeley and that the musical numbers have all the mad inventiveness of the ones he staged for Warner Bros. in the 1930s with the addition of some of the most lurid Technicolor ever committed to celluloid. The highlight is Miranda's "The Lady in the Tutti-Frutti Hat," with chorus girls handling fruit in ways that make you sure the censors had never read Freud. Cronjager was nominated for Heaven Can Wait, a delightful film in its own right, but certainly more conservative in its use of color than this movie, and he would probably be appalled to be remembered for The Gang's All Here instead. He was nominated seven times, but never won. 


Best Cinematography, 1941

Awards presented February 26, 1942

The nominees were ... 

(Black-and-White) 

(Black-and-White) 
(Black-and-White) 

Miller was an industry pioneer who began as a bit player and camera assistant while he was still in his teens, and worked as a photographer on the 1914 serial The Perils of Pauline. This was the first of his three Oscars, all of which he won for his work at 20th Century-Fox in the 1940s. How Green Was My Valley was beautifully filmed, and Miller would certainly have deserved his win for it if it weren't for the breakthrough cinematography of Gregg Toland on Citizen Kane. 

(Color) 

A remake of the 1922 melodrama starring Rudolph Valentino, about a bullfighter (Tyrone Power) under the spell of two women, played by Rita Hayworth and Linda Darnell. Director Rouben Mamoulian worked with Palmer and Rennahan in an attempt to capture the look of Spanish painting. Goya or Velazquez it isn't, but much of it is quite handsome. Unfortunately, the story is dated and dull. 

Tyrone Power in Blood and Sand
Linda Darnell and Tyrone Power in Blood and Sand
 
Rita Hayworth and Tyrone Power in Blood and Sand 

... when it should have gone to ... 

Welles lines up a shot as Toland waits
 As a novice filmmaker, Orson Welles found in Toland both a teacher and a willing experimenter. The visual richness, the dramatic lighting, the deep-focus compositions are all Toland achievements that Welles used in in a fresh and inventive way. Toland won only one Oscar, for Wuthering Heights, out of a total of six nominations. He had begun his career as an apprentice to George Barnes, and at the time of his death in 1948, from a heart attack at the age of forty-four, he was the highest-paid director of photography in Hollywood.
Orson Welles in the foreground, Joseph Cotten in the middle ground, and Everett Sloane in the distance

Dramatic back-lighting in one of Citizen Kane's more expressionistic scenes

Agnes Moorehead as Kane's mother signs his fate as the boy plays with a sled outside

The elderly Kane in Xanadu's hall of mirrors